Obesity Has A Significant Impact On American - 921 Words

Obesity has had a significant impact on American. In the United States, the statistic shows more than 69% of adult are either obese or overweight. Even children have become heavier as well. Approximately 17% of American children in the age range between 2 to 11 has nearly three times the prevalence from one generation ago (X). People in this generation are not as active as their ancestor or parents. Many adults and children are obsessing with electronic devices that they would sit in the chair for hours. Physical inactivity and poor diet are a significant threat to health that may overtake tobacco as the leading preventable cause of death (square). Obesity did not happen overnight; it happens over time. The body weight of our body is the result of the choices we make: food, environment, and exercise. When the energy we take in from food is not in balance with the energy we burn from exercise will result in increased weight. Obese people require extensive attention to their health and it can affect their daily basic life routines. People who are obese or overweight have higher risk of developing serious condition compared to those with healthy weight. Diseases such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and body pain and difficulty with physical functioning in their daily lives. Obesity can cause high blood pressure in a variety of ways. Additional fat tissue in the body needs more oxygen and nutrients in the body to lives. Thus, the person wouldShow MoreRelatedThe World Health Organization (Who, 2016) Has Recognized1510 Words   |  7 Pages The World Health Organization (WHO, 2016) has recognized childhood obesity as one of the most significant public health issues of the 21st century. In 2011-2014, the prevalence of obesity among children living in the United States aged 2-19 was 17% (Ogden, Carroll, Fryar, Flegal, 2015). While this percentage has stabilized in the past 10 years, millions of children are affected by this disease and at risk for chronic comorbities (Shapiro, Arevalo, Tolentino, Machuca, Applebaum, 2014). UnfortunatelyRead MoreChildhood Obesity Among African American And Hispanic American Families Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pages1. Statement of the Problem/Phenomenon of Interest This study was designed to investigate the problem of childhood obesity among African-American and Hispanic-American families in a rural school district in southeast Texas. In 2008, there were 200 million males and nearly 300 million females who were obese and approximately 42 million children, five years and under, were obese in 2013 (World Health Organization Factsheet 311, 2014). First Lady Michelle Obama launched her LET’S MOVE! initiativeRead MoreObesity Epidemic and Lack of Government Intervention Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesIs the lack of government regulation causing an obesity epidemic? In America fast food is a staple of many people’s diets. As a result, the United States is now faced with a serious obesity epidemic that continues to grow worse every year. Along with impacting the economy, some of the impacts on people are cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and strokes which are all linked to obesity. According to the CDC, â€Å"The US Department of Health and Human Services discovered that the combination of a poor dietRead MoreEconomic, Health, And Economic Issues In The United States1053 Words   |  5 PagesIn looking at issues facing the United States, hurricanes, illegal immigration, and obesity seem to be the three that stand out the most. These issues present some terrible problems and concerns for the United States which can cause significanificant environmental, economical, health, and more importantly, negative impact on the lives of Americans. These issues have created significant controversy as to how each of these issues are to be dealt with in their current state. There are many differentRead MoreRisk Factors for Stroke in Young Adults1635 Words   |  7 Pages Risk Factors for Stroke in Young Adults Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States (CDC para. 1), affecting more than 7 million Americans over the age of 20 and representing 3% of the population (Rogers et al. e68). Current estimates suggest close to 800,000 Americans will experience a stroke each year; however, symptoms related to strokes often go undiagnosed. The prevalence of undiagnosed strokes is estimated to be 17.8% of the population over the age of 45, but some minoritiesRead MoreObesity And Obesity Related Diseases896 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is primarily measured in body mass index or BMI, a BMI over 30 is considered obese. Until recently, there has been a steady rise of the obesity prevalence over the last three decades. The American taxpayers and the medical community face a huge challenge with regards to the 34.9% of adults and 16.9% of children who struggle with obesity (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, Flegal, 2014). Even with the prevalence of obesity remaining flat, morbid obesity, a BMI of over 40 has increased by two to threeRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Is Disturbing The Financial And Social Stability Of The United States1481 Words   |  6 PagesAn Obesity epidemic is disturbing the financial and social stability of the United States. As stated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services â€Å"our modern environment has allowed these conditions to increase at alarming rates and become highly pressing health problems for our nationâ€Å"(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Efforts made by authority figures have been enforced to solve this severe crisis. Obesity has become a concerning problem in the United States. This epidemic isRead MoreObesity : America s Major Threat1045 Words   |  5 PagesEssay December 10, 2015 Obesity: America’s Major Threat Obesity should not be an unknown term to the majority of the Americans as a significant percentage of the American population is obese. As the number of obese people skyrockets annually, obesity tends to be a major threat not just in America, but globally. The number of obese individuals has doubled in past four decades, probably by practicing the art of super-sizing (Marks). Obesity is a complex physical problem in whichRead MoreObesity : Affects Minority Youth Populations949 Words   |  4 PagesObesity disproportionally affects certain minority youth populations. According to the NHANES found African American and Mexican American adolescents between ages 12-19 were more likely to be overweight, the percentile ratio show that 21 to 23 percent respectively than non-Hispanic White adolescents in children 6-11 years old and 22 percent of Mexican American children were overweight, whereas 20 percent of African American children and14 percent of non Hispanic White children wer e overweight. Read MoreObesity And The American Health Care System914 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is an epidemic that is putting uncomfortable strains on the American health care system. With just under two-thirds of the American adult population being overweight or obese, a lot of time and effort has gone into uncovering the causes of this rise in the weights of American citizens. Several theories have been developed to help solve the mystery of America’s rising size. Obesity cannot be traced back to a single factor, but rather many aspects have contributed to the rise of obesity in

Questions On Epidemiology And Biostatistics - 846 Words

EDUCATION: Temple University Philadelphia, PA US Master’s Degree – 12/2014 45 Semester hours Major: Public health Concentration: Epidemiology and Biostatistics Relevant Coursework: Fundamental of Public Health, Complex Emergencies and forced migration, Epidemiological Research Methods I II, Multivariate Biostatistics, Data management and Analysis, Political Aspect of Public Health GPA: 3.5 out of 4.0 Temple University Philadelphia, PA US Bachelor’s Degree – 12/2012 75 Semester hours Major: Public Health Relevant Coursework: Community Health Administration of Health Education Programs, Health Service Systems, Disease Prevention and Control, Research Methods, Health Psychology and Human Behavior, Epidemiology, Ethnicity Culture Health, Environmental Health GPA: 3.7 out 4.0 Community College of PhiladelphiaShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemiological Concepts Of Health2310 Words   |  10 Pagesincome of the community which tells the ability of the community in question to purchase health services. The measurement of health makes all nurse to have plan for the community services, without measurement of health one will not be able to provide health services to community in need. (MOHSW.1990). 1.4.5 Epidemiological Concepts The epidemiological concept is the logic of observation and the methods to quantify these observations in populations (group) of individuals. It includes for measuringRead MoreAn International Student Of Public Health Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTrying to Fulfil a Dream As an international student, public health is not a major you hear about regularly. As a Middle-Eastern, everyone is expected to pursue a degree in Medicine, Engineering or Pharmacy. I recall the most common question I got asked when I mentioned I was majoring in public health was, â€Å"...so, you are going to be a nurse?† The idea was introduced to me by my mother some years back, who is a physician, who thought it would suit my lifetime general goals. As a child I rememberRead MoreImmigration Status Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesManoj Banjara, Ph.D. Cleveland, OH 44120 (806) 316-1813; banjarm@hotmail.com Immigration Status: Permanent Resident Summary â™ £ 6+ years of experience in biostatistics with a demonstrated history of working in hospitals, pharmaceutical, CRO, and healthcare industries as a biostatistical SAS programmer. â™ £ Involved in drug development process with exposure in analyzing and reporting pre-clinical/clinical trial data. â™ £ Good understanding of FDA submission (IND, NDA), clinical protocols, CRFs, CDISCRead MoreMy Career Between Medicine And Mathematics774 Words   |  4 PagesReading the blog, I realized the opportunity to rejuvenate my childhood love for mathematics while pursuing a career in medicine. To make this marriage between medicine and mathematics possible, I pursued Masters in Public Health with a major in Biostatistics at Drexel University. At Drexel, I was specifically interested in outcomes research. I participated in several projects in which we studied â€Å"real-world† outcomes of patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing percutaneous interventions usingRead MoreQuantitative Research Critical Appraisal Analysis1800 Words   |  8 Pages, 2014). There is no theory or model identified in the study. The framework does describe the concepts of interest, the article focused specifically on three non-pharmacological interventions to prevent VAP. Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses According to Research questions, hypotheses and objectives, Study objectives define the specific aims of the study and should be clearly stated in the introduction of the research protocol. The objective of this article is clearly and concisely stated.Read MoreA Basic Understanding Of Epidemiology And Epidemiologic Investigations1800 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The purpose of this research paper it to deliver a basic understanding of epidemiology and epidemiologic investigations. One essential service of public health is the ability to diagnose and investigate identified health hazards in their communities. Epidemiology is an area of study used to identify those health hazards. Founded by John Snow in 1854, the term epidemiology is defined as the study of distribution and determinants of health, disease, or injury among human populations. EpidemiologicRead MoreA Career in Public Health Essay examples1247 Words   |  5 PagesElementary level even up to the College Health Professor level. There are areas that specialize in Disaster Preparedness Coordination, Health Services Administration and Community Health Sciences and numerous scientific arenas including, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Health Education/Behavioral Science, and Environmental Health. On a global level there is International Health which includes Public Health Practice and Program Management in foreign countries many of which are underdeveloped areas. AndRead MoreNursing Research Critique Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH CRITIQUE Research Critique of Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women Ana H. Corona Western University of Health Sciences CGN 5306: Biostatistics and Epidemiology August 1, 2009 Research Critique of â€Å"Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women† Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high risk women who were sedentaryRead MorePractice Questions 2 [Chapter 9-18] Book: Epidemiology [Leon Gordis]2157 Words   |  9 PagesNUR 527: Fundamentals of Epidemiology and Biostatistics for Nursing Practice Questions 2 [Chapter 9-18] Book: Epidemiology [Leon Gordis] Due June 24, 2013 Answer only the questions specified and justify your answers. Each question is â€Å"one point†. Total points=20 (10% of the course grade) Chapter 9: questions 1, 2, 5 1. In cohort studies of the role of a suspected factor in the etiology of a disease, it is essential that: a. There be equal numbers of persons in both studyRead MoreThe Surfacing Field Of Posttraumatic Growth1748 Words   |  7 Pages There has been an ongoing question if mental illness connects to creativity. The notion that mental illness and creativity are linked is very noticeable to the public eye. Many creators had harsh life experiences such as loss of a relative, physical disability or social rejection. When dealing with a mental illness one’s mind travels to other thoughts; this is how creative processes form in their mind. They see the world differently than others and create their visions or thoughts onto paper or

Long Distance Wireless Communication-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Different antenna, such as yagi, horn, and celluar antennas, etc. has different merits. Research these technologies in details and pay specific attention to how they are used as well their strengths and weakness. 2.Compare and Contrast the multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA in the area of wireless Networking? Answers: 1.Antennas are devices that couple moving electromagnetic waves to and from electronic circuits using conductors that are either apertures or wires(MIT, 2004). Now, these antennas are categorised based on how they propagate waves, which defines the different types of antennas used today i.e. directional, semi-directional and Omni-directional Yagi antenna one of the most popular and successful RF antenna used. Its a directional antenna, thus it propagates RF waves in one direction which is associated with high gains and directivity. Its used in areas that require these characteristics e.g. television reception. Strengths: Low-cost design. High gains and directivity. Simple to install and use. Weaknesses For high gain levels, a long structure is required. Its gain is limited(radio-electronics, 2017). Horn antenna a directional antenna that is popular for transmitting ultra-high frequency (300MHz-3GHz) signals. Its name comes from its design, where a horn like structure, flares out to radiate signals enabling it to have high gains(Rouse, 2017). Strengths: It can operate at a wide range of frequencies and bandwidth. High gains. Simple construction Weaknesses It requires lengthened structure to operate effectively. Complex to install. Cellular antenna An Omni-directional antenna that can propagate signals in all direction and is common in mobile devices such as mobile phones, tablets and vehicles. Its usually small in size which facilitates its functionalities(Carr, 2012). Strengths Can amplify and operate in all directions. Optimal boosting capabilities. Weaknesses Minimal gains. Short coverage distance. Future of medium and long distance wireless communication Cellular antennas seem to have laid a solid foundation for mobile devices which marks them as the future of wireless communication. However, their low gains and coverage limit their functionalities, which necessitates the need for booster towers unlike the directional antennas highlighted above. Therefore, cellular antennas will require modifications in order to operate beyond their current applications. In light of these outcomes, the future may experience smart antennas designed as hybrids of both directional and Omni-directional antennas. 2.CDMA Code division multiple access FDMA Frequency division multiple access. Both are multiplexing techniques that were designed to meet a telecommunication challenge, that of assigning bandwidth to consumers i.e. the signals. CDMA: In this technique, the entire communication bandwidth is shared among many users by assigning them unique identification codes. In essence, the users are represented by multiple signals that are propagated in common channels, thus are uniquely identified by the codes. Now, the signals outlined above are tagged with the said codes during transmission and are used to separate the signals at the reception stage(corps, 2000). Consider the CDMA standard IS-95, which uses the 1.225 bandwidth range. This standard uses 64 Walsh codes to propagate signals. FDMA: In this technique, the entire band of frequencies are shared among many users by dividing it into multiple radio frequency channels. Furthermore, non-overlapping frequencies are used so as to transfer each signal uniquely to its destination. A good example is the GSM model where the 25 MHz frequency band is split into 124 carriers each having an estimated bandwidth of 200 kHz. CDMA FDMA A common frequency is used. Channel is usually idle when not in use. Every user has a unique pseud-code. Suitable for analogue applications. Each receiver must know the code of the transmitter. Filtering is needed to eliminate interferences. Only desired codes are detected, the rest appear as noise. Narrow band is used (Zahra, 2015) References Carr, J. (2012). Directional or Omnidirectional antenna? Joe Carr's Radio Tech-notes, Retrieved 14 August, 2017, from: https://www.dxing.com/tnotes/tnote01.pdf. corps, W. (2000). FDMA vs. TDMA vs. CDMA. Connecting Wireless, Retrieved 14 August, 2017, from: https://wirelessapplications.com/pdf/lf/FD_TD_CDMA.pdf. MIT. (2004). Chapter 3: Antennas. MIT, Retrieved 17 August, 2017, from: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-661-receivers-antennas-and-signals-spring-2003/readings/ch3new.pdf. radio-electronics. (2017). Yagi Antenna / Yagi-Uda Antenna. Antennas and propagation, Retrieved 14 August, 2017, from: https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/antennas/yagi/yagi.php. Rouse, M. (2017). Horn antenna. Research gate, Retrieved 17 August, 2017, from: https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/horn-antenna. Zahra. (2015). FDMA-TDMA-CDMA. Multiple access techniques in wireless communication, Retrieved 16 August, 2017, from: https://www.slideshare.net/SammarKhan2/fdmatdmacdma.

Private Prisons free essay sample

As state budgets throughout America become tighter because of rising costs, many are looking at private prisons as a way to reduce the cost in detaining inmates. Just like everything else in America there has to be a debate about it. There are those that are for the privatization of prisons and those that are against it. James A. Fagin introduced this topic in his text book CJ2013; he discussed the major selling point of private prisons, and the problems that states are faced with. The major selling point for the privatization of prisons is cost reduction for states. It’s argued that private prisons can reduce costs by millions because the upfront high costs to build new prisons do not have to be spent by the states; it is the private prison owner’s responsibility (Fagin 239). Another selling point is that with temporary increases in the prison population within states, they will not have to commit to permanent personnel and facility upgrade costs (Fagin 240). We will write a custom essay sample on Private Prisons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Private prisons also market themselves to states by promising to provide jobs in low-income communities and providing inmate labor for community projects (Fagin 241). Although it seems to make sense that states should save money because of private prisons, the Arizona Department of Corrections performed a study in 2011 that suggested that private prisons would only save the states about 3 cents per day. The study suggested that when factors such as the exclusion of certain inmates such as maximum-security prisoners, inmates with limited physical capacity, inmates with severe physical disabilities, inmates with chronic illnesses, and inmates with high-cost medical needs or high-need mental health conditions private prisons may cost more per inmate than state prisons because all the high-cost inmates are left within the state prison system costing the states more money (Fagin 239, 240). Those that oppose the privatization of prisons have a plethora of gripes. According to Fagin one of the issues that inmates are faced with is being transferred a long way to be held in a private prison. This causes additional mental stress on those because they are further from family, friends, support services, and their lawyer (Fagin 240, 241). Fagin also says that with an emphasis on containing costs, private prisons provide less training and lower salaries to prison personnel, and have a higher inmate to correction officer ratio. With that same emphasis in mind private prisons do not provide the same quality of care or supervision that state prisons do; leading to a lack of educational, recreational, and rehabilitative services (Fagin 241). Perhaps the scariest two of the scariest gripes that opponents of private prisons have according to Fagin is the states continued liability for inmates, and the possibility of escaped prisoners. Although state prisons face thousands of lawsuits yearly for violations of inmates’ rights, states are also liable for the violations inmates’ rights when they are in private prison control. With substandard training for correction officer in private prisons and private prisons on the rise this could be extremely costly for states (Fagin 241). The possibility of escaped prisoners is scary because private prison correction officers have no law enforcement jurisdiction and that may jeopardize public safety. Fagin says that â€Å"not all states have enacted legislation that recognizes the potential status of inmates in private prison escapes. Thus, a prisoner who escapes a private prison may not have broken a state law! † (Fagin 241). Richard A. Oppel Jr. wrote an article for The New York Times called â€Å"Private Prisons Found to Offer Little in Savings. † In this article Oppel discussed the Arizona Department of Corrections Study in more detail and finds that privately operated prisons can cost more than state-run prisons even though they stay away from the costliest inmates. The article points out that aside from the initial cost of building a new prison not being a burden on the state, there are not many other benefits to having private prisons. There is no evidence to support the perception that private prisons are more efficient. In the article Oppel quotes from an Arizona study that says minimum-security state inmates cost 2. 6 percent or $1. 39 more than those in private prisons before extra costs are accumulated by the state, and after the extra costs are figured in state inmates only cost 3 cent more a day. He says state medium-security inmates cost 4. 4 percent less before the extra costs and 8. 7 percent less after the extra costs are figured in. The result according to Oppel’s study is that state inmates cost $1,679 less per year, per inmate at a taxpayer expense of about two million dollars a year per prison. In an article published in April of 2000, by the American Correctional Association Incorporated â€Å"Comparing Public and Private Prison Costs: The Arizona Method† written by Carl E. Nink and Judith Kilgus, Nink and Kilgus evaluate how the legislation from the State of Arizona makes sure that private prisons are maintaining a cost effective status for the state. The original legislation stated that â€Å"Before renewing the initial contract, the performance of the contractor shall be compared to the performance of this state in operating similar facilities† which only required a comparison but did not have clear parameters. Arizona State legislation has now has added that the required cost savings are to be determined based on a cost comparison model established by the director of the Arizona Department of Corrections and the Office for Excellence in Government every five years (Nink, Kilgus). In the Arizona’s first study, the first thing that had to be done was to find an unbiased person to perform a study. The Arizona Legislation chose Dr. Charles Thomas to conduct a study of Marana Community Correctional Facility which is owned and operated by Management and Training Corp. , a private group. In Thomas’ study he found that there were many difference in private prisons as compared to state run prisons. The major differences were a restriction that excluded inmates with serious or chronic medical problems, mental health problems, and multi gender facilities. Thomas found that the inmates were required to be of a lower public or institutional risk and to be in need of the more intensive substance abuse programming offered at the Marana Prison. Finally, the methodological design included all state prisons of similar general custody levels averaged against the Marana Prison, since there was no state prison in operation that truly mirrored the Marana physical plant or population base (Nink, Kilgus). With the differences that were noted Marana Prison showed a cost reduction from 13. 8 to 16. 66 percent from similar state run prisons. With the use of Thomas’ research the State of Arizona now uses certain methods in determining the cost effectiveness of privately owned prisons. Direct costs, indirect costs, and all adjustments are factored in. If private prisons when evaluated after their five year contract are not operating at a cost effective level for the state, there contracts are not renewed. Nink and Kilgus found that the method that Arizona uses is cost effective for them. It is the conclusion of Nink and Kilgus that â€Å"the practicality of employing private prison to meet the ever-expanding bed needs of an agency will be enhanced through the use of a cost comparison model that accounts for the systemic differences typically found in a state prison system. † I am absolutely not in favor of private prisons. The biggest reason is because I have always tried to use the acronym K. I. S. S. in my life, or keep it simple stupid! If it is that hard to figure out whether or not private prisons really save the state money even with them selecting their candidates, the reduced quality of services to the inmates to include educational, recreational, and rehabilitative services, along with less pay and benefits for employees, why the heck are we going to continue to waste tax payer money to attempt to figure it out. The only straight forward positive aspect that private prisons have to offer is the reduced construction costs to states. Furthermore, every other aspect of the criminal justice system is state run, why contract corrections out to private organizations for someone to get rich off of. Imprisoning people should not be a business; it should be a necessity in the essence of public safety, and a burden of the state. I can only see the private prison industry heading in the direction of corruption with private corporations buying judges and politicians (as if there isn’t already enough of that) for more people to be put in their prison. It’s ridiculous and stupid! Private Prisons free essay sample Correction facilities being ran privately instead of being run by the government is a growing concept that has been meet with both praise and skeptisism. Pratt and Maahs, describe privatization in corrections as a growth industry state â€Å"Rooted primarily in the political and economic context of the 1980s. The movement to privatize public services has received increasing support in response to taxpayer demands that government provide more services with fewer resources. Advocates of correctional privatization often argue from a ‘public choice’ theoretical perspective†¦ holding that private entities can provide correctional services at a lower cost than governmental agencies. At best, however, the empirical evidence for this claim- the efficiency hypothesis- remains inconclusive†. The practice of privatization has received its share of criticism. There is concern being expressed over the possibility that prison conditions may deteriorate as a result of an effort to save money. â€Å"Coercive confinement carries with it an obligation to meet the basic need of the prisoner, â€Å"states Logan. We will write a custom essay sample on Private Prisons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Thus, measures of health care, safety, sanitation, nutrition, and other aspects of basic living conditions are relevant. Furthermore, confinement must meet a constitutional standard of fairness and due process, so it is not just the effectiveness and efficiency, but also the procedural justice with which confinement is imposed that is important. † Logan goes on to describe confinement as† much more than just warehousing† (Logan 1990) The goal of confinement should be, instead, to promote the rehabilitation of prisoners and ensure that they are housed in decent and humane conditions. No one is advocating for luxury living for inmates but if occupational skills, education, and safe living are not provided inmates will not rehabilitate. Logan is among observers of privatization who contend â€Å"it is reasonable and realistic to expect quality from commercially contracted prisons. † This author, citing the example of privatization in New Mexico, maintains that privatization can promote factors necessary for effective prison management. These factors include a well-designed facility, greater operational and administrative flexibility, decentralized authority, higher morale, enthusiasm, and sense of ownership among the staff, greater experience and leadership among the top administrators, and ‘by the book’ governance of inmates† (1990 Logan). In understanding why privatization arose, Pratt and Maahs observed â€Å"Until recently, public officials were reluctant to privatize entire correctional institutions. Since the early 1980s, however, two major development have forced policy makers to reconsider the option of private prison management, the perception of the deteriorating conditions of public prisoners and, more importantly, prison crowding† (1999 Pratt Maahs). Thus, the need for commercial management of prisons arose not only to affect savings but to improve the conditions of confinement. Louisiana was one of many states which, during the 1980s, were faced with the problem of prison overcrowding. They tried an experiment, and they built three prisons of similar size and design and housed them with the same type of inmates, one to be managed by the State Department of Public Safety and Corrections, and the other two turned over to private bodies that contracted to provide services. â€Å"In effect, the State of Louisiana created a field experimental laboratory for the study privately versus publicly operated prisons,† writes Archambeault. These reports were also intended to provide information to the Federal Court of Judge Frank Poloza, allowing the monitoring of prison safety in Louisiana prisons†. The result of the comparison suggested that private correctional facilities were in fact better than public according to their criteria. Thus, private correctional facilities, as compared with the state prison, were found to be significantly more cost-effective by operating by between 11. 6 to 13. 85% less. Similar differences were found for each fiscal year as when examined separately. In addition, private facilities were found more satisfactory on the following key factors. They reported fewer critical incidents. They also were reportedly safer for their employees and other staff. In addition to this they also provided better and safer living conditions for their inmates. The Louisiana experiment would indicate that privatization can work and that inmates can be housed in private facilities at less cost to the taxpayer and can be housed under more humane conditions. Even studies that dispute these claims do not necessarily maintain that public correctional facilities are by their very nature more cost-effective. Pratt and Maahs, for example, cite findings showing that â€Å"for both mixed level and maximum security prisons, the private institutions had a lower daily per diem cost,â€Å" while, â€Å"in minimum and medium security institutions, however, the public facilities fared slightly better† (1999 Pratt and Maahs). Concluding that, in both cases, â€Å"none of the differences in costswas statistically significant,† these authors maintain that â€Å"overall, the results indicate that regardless of the owner of the facility, it is the economy of scale achieved by the prisons, its age, and its security level that largely determine its daily per diem cost†. Thus, while the literature makes strong arguments for privatization it also makes as many that claim it not to really bear a significant difference at all. Division is mainly between studies that find significant advantages to privatization and those that find no significant differences between public and private facilities. The implication of this finding is that some privatization programs are succeeding. It has also been found that there isn’t really any difference at all. Over all our prisons continue to over populate and Private Correctional facilities will be utilized and they are here to say. There is also no conclusive evidence that that suggest they cannot be ran at least as effectively as government facility and in some cases they can even be ran better. It’s another solution to our overcrowding prison system.